Stock and Watson cigarette consumption data set The data set consists of annual data for the 48 continental U.S. states from 1985-1995. Quantity consumed is measured by annual per capita cigarette sales in packs per fiscal year, as derived from state tax collection data. The price is the average retail cigarette price per pack during the fiscal year, including taxes. Income is per capita income. The general sales tax is the average tax, in cents per pack, due to the broad-based state sales tax applied to all consumption goods. The cigarette-specific tax is the tax applied to cigarettes only. All prices, income, and taxes used in the regressions in this chapter are deflated by the Consumer Price Index and thus are in constant (real) dollars. We are grateful to Professor Jonathan Gruber of MIT for providing us with these data. Data Series: state State cpi Consumer Price Index (U.S.) pop state population packpc number of packs per capita income state personal income (total, nominal) tax average state, federal, and average local excise taxes for fiscal year avgprs average price during fiscal year, including sales taxes taxs average excise taxes for fiscal year, including sales taxes 1.075999975 3973000 116.48628230 46014968 32.50000381 102.18167110 33.34833527 1985 1.075999975 2327000 128.53459170 26210736 37.00000000 101.47499850 37.00000000 1985 1.075999975 3184000 104.52261350 43956936 31.00000000 108.57875060 36.17041779 1985 1.075999975 26444000 100.36303710 447102816 26.00000000 107.83734130 32.10400009 1985 1.075999975 3209000 112.96353910 49466672 31.00000000 94.26666260 31.00000000 1985 1.075999975 3201000 109.27835080 60063368 42.00000000 128.02499390 51.48333359 1985 1.075999975 618000 143.85113530 9927301 30.00000000 102.49166110 30.00000000 1985 1.075999975 11352000 122.18112180 166919248 37.00000000 115.29000090 42.49000168 1985 1.075999975 5963000 127.23461910 78364336 28.00000000 97.02516937 28.84183311 1985 1.075999975 2830000 113.74558260 37902896 34.00000000 101.84200290 37.91699982 1985 1.075999975 994000 103.01811220 11577261 25.10000038 102.89933010 29.05766678 1985 1.075999975 11401000 123.20848080 176786352 28.00000572 104.44025420 28.91525650 1985 1.075999975 5460000 137.63737490 71751616 26.50000000 96.18000031 31.07999992 1985 1.075999975 2428000 116.68039700 34784360 32.00000000 98.92291260 34.88124847 1985 1.075999975 3695000 186.03518680 42703144 19.00000000 87.00125122 23.14291763 1985 1.075999975 4409000 127.55726620 53431900 32.00000000 108.39399720 36.16899872 1985 1.075999975 5881000 115.67759700 98328688 42.00000000 112.20833590 42.00000000 1985 1.075999975 4414000 120.97870640 74851664 29.00000000 91.96666718 29.00000000 1985 1.075999975 1163000 128.11694340 14575292 36.00000000 107.04750060 41.09749985 1985 1.075999975 9077000 128.00485230 133728040 37.00000000 104.91416930 37.83083344 1985 1.075999975 4185000 112.90322880 63152360 34.00000000 113.64966580 40.43299866 1985 1.075999975 5001000 130.37393190 69341920 29.00000381 99.33816528 29.85483742 1985 1.075999975 2588000 117.04018400 25678534 27.58333206 105.29333500 33.54333115 1985 1.075999975 822000 104.25790410 9785230 32.00000000 99.29166412 32.00000000 1985 1.075999975 6255000 155.28376770 79104656 18.00000000 84.96799469 21.26799965 1985 1.075999975 677000 105.46528630 8672948 34.00000000 106.80799870 38.10800171 1985 1.075999975 1585000 107.38170620 21778072 34.00000000 104.60666660 38.02333450 1985 1.075999975 997000 197.99398800 15767469 33.00000000 95.50000000 33.00000000 1985 1.075999975 7566000 116.52127840 133549208 41.00000000 110.41666410 41.00000000 1985 1.075999975 1439000 88.74217987 17258916 28.00000000 102.77799990 31.95299911 1985 1.075999975 951000 141.95584110 14581495 31.00000000 114.18849950 37.46350098 1985 1.075999975 17794000 116.66291810 297728512 37.00000381 109.99782560 37.88117218 1985 1.075999975 10736000 127.59873960 153455776 30.00000000 100.42374420 34.78208160 1985 1.075999975 3272000 127.13936610 43395580 34.00000000 101.46807860 34.82641602 1985 1.075999975 2673000 119.45379640 36205164 35.00000000 97.03333282 35.00000000 1985 1.075999975 11772000 117.70302580 170033840 34.00000000 109.07400510 40.17399979 1985 1.075999975 967000 132.78178410 14229156 39.00000000 100.94166560 39.00000000 1985 1.075999975 3304000 127.20944210 38536176 23.00000000 90.64125061 27.31624985 1985 1.075999975 698000 106.59025570 8340000 31.00000000 97.08333588 31.00000000 1985 1.075999975 4716000 129.83459470 57749668 29.00000000 101.94550320 34.77050018 1985 1.075999975 16275000 115.10292820 231003152 35.25000000 107.37999730 39.38000107 1985 1.075999975 1643000 68.04625702 19462380 28.00000000 110.19583890 34.23749924 1985 1.075999975 5716000 134.00979610 87361632 18.50000191 91.61533356 22.02366829 1985 1.075999975 530000 145.28302000 6887097 33.00000000 100.98333740 33.00000000 1985 1.075999975 4401000 96.22812653 64846548 39.00000000 129.46109010 47.46941757 1985 1.075999975 4748000 107.87699890 65732720 41.00000000 114.59000400 46.45666504 1985 1.075999975 1907000 112.84740450 20852964 33.00000000 108.91124730 38.18624878 1985 1.075999975 500000 129.39999390 7116756 24.00000000 93.46666718 24.00000000 1985 1.523999929 4262731 101.08543400 83903280 40.50000381 158.37133790 41.90467072 1995 1.523999929 2480121 111.04296880 45995496 55.50000000 175.54251100 63.85916901 1995 1.523999929 4306908 71.95417023 88870496 65.33332825 198.60749820 74.79082489 1995 1.523999929 31493524 56.85930634 771470144 61.00000000 210.50466920 74.77133179 1995 1.523999929 3738061 82.58292389 92946544 44.00000000 167.35000610 44.00000000 1995 1.523999929 3265293 79.47219086 104315120 74.00000000 218.28050230 86.35549927 1995 1.523999929 718265 124.46659850 18237436 48.00000000 165.60000610 48.00000000 1995 1.523999929 14185403 93.07455444 333525344 57.90000153 187.71717830 68.52550507 1995 1.523999929 7188538 97.47462463 159800448 36.00000000 156.57307430 37.43141556 1995 1.523999929 2840860 92.40159607 60170928 60.00000000 190.88999940 69.08999634 1995 1.523999929 1165000 74.84978485 22868920 52.00000000 179.63751220 60.55416870 1995 1.523999929 11884935 83.26507568 304767456 68.00000763 198.47616580 79.23450470 1995 1.523999929 5791819 134.25834660 126525008 39.50000000 154.53375240 46.85874939 1995 1.523999929 2586942 88.75344086 56626672 48.00000000 175.21000670 56.34333420 1995 1.523999929 3855248 172.64778140 74079712 27.00000000 145.97967530 35.26300049 1995 1.523999929 4327978 105.17613220 84572688 44.00000000 167.79534910 50.45366669 1995 1.523999929 6062335 76.62064362 170051568 75.00000000 217.10501100 85.33833313 1995 1.523999929 5023650 77.47354889 135115456 60.00000000 186.03375240 68.85874939 1995 1.523999929 1237438 102.46978000 25045934 61.00000000 197.23065190 72.16400146 1995 1.523999929 9659871 81.38825226 231594240 99.00000000 240.84967040 112.63300320 1995 1.523999929 4605445 82.94529724 113216856 72.00000000 220.34866330 86.41533661 1995 1.523999929 5324610 122.45027920 117639672 41.00000381 157.23008730 42.38842010 1995 1.523999929 2690788 105.58245090 46241956 42.00000000 169.22940060 53.07108307 1995 1.523999929 868522 87.15956879 16296835 42.00000000 156.21667480 42.00000000 1995 1.523999929 7185403 121.53806300 157633568 29.00000000 149.99400330 34.76900101 1995 1.523999929 641548 79.80696869 12243384 68.00000000 192.24867250 78.88200378 1995 1.523999929 1635142 87.27070618 36293064 58.00000000 182.17500310 66.67500305 1995 1.523999929 1145604 156.33674620 28649564 49.00000000 166.64166260 49.00000000 1995 1.523999929 7965523 80.37136841 233208576 64.00000000 203.08717350 75.49549866 1995 1.523999929 1682417 64.66886902 31716160 45.00000000 176.14624020 53.38791656 1995 1.523999929 1525777 93.52611542 39377292 59.00000000 206.59916690 72.51583099 1995 1.523999929 18150928 70.81732178 503163328 80.00000000 221.85800170 88.53299713 1995 1.523999929 11155493 111.38010410 255312928 48.00000000 165.89125060 55.89958191 1995 1.523999929 3265547 108.68010710 63333300 47.00000000 170.13499450 55.10166550 1995 1.523999929 3141421 92.15574646 71209312 62.00000000 190.30000310 62.00000000 1995 1.523999929 12044780 95.64308929 285923232 55.00000000 176.16316220 64.97149658 1995 1.523999929 989203 92.59980011 23786644 80.00000000 224.45924380 94.68424988 1995 1.523999929 3699943 108.08274840 72050072 31.00000000 152.81874080 38.27708435 1995 1.523999929 728251 97.21923065 14454129 47.00000000 168.03799440 53.46300125 1995 1.523999929 5241168 122.32005310 114259984 37.00000000 167.06700130 49.37533188 1995 1.523999929 18679706 73.07930756 402096768 65.00000000 198.20233150 76.21900177 1995 1.523999929 1976774 49.27219772 37278220 50.50000000 180.97625730 59.11791611 1995 1.523999929 6601392 105.38687130 161441792 26.50000572 166.66125490 34.43625641 1995 1.523999929 582827 122.33475490 12448607 44.00000000 175.63874820 52.36375046 1995 1.523999929 5431024 65.53092194 129680832 80.50000000 239.10934450 96.14266968 1995 1.523999929 5137004 92.46634674 115959680 62.00000000 201.38125610 71.58958435 1995 1.523999929 1820560 115.56883240 32611268 41.00000000 166.51718140 50.42549896 1995 1.523999929 478447 112.23813630 10293195 36.00000000 158.54165650 36.00000000 1995